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If you’re experiencing severe abdominal pain, fever, or heavy bleeding, call 911.

IBS

IBS Explained

IBS involves a disturbance in how the gut and brain interact, leading to pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits. There is no visible inflammation or damage on routine tests, but symptoms can be very bothersome. IBS is diagnosed based on symptom criteria and by ruling out conditions such as celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease.

Symptoms

IBS is characterized by recurrent abdominal pain related to bowel movements, along with changes in stool form or frequency, often with bloating or gas.

Symptoms include:
Recurrent abdominal pain or cramping, often relieved or worsened by bowel movements
Diarrhea, constipation, or alternating patterns
Bloating, gas, or abdominal distension
A sensation of incomplete evacuation
Mucus in the stool in some patients

When to call

Call the office if IBS symptoms interfere with daily life, worsen, or change in pattern, or if you develop alarm features such as blood in stool, unintended weight loss, or nighttime symptoms.

Seek emergency care for severe abdominal pain, high fever, significant rectal bleeding, or symptoms suggesting dehydration or obstruction.

Evaluation & Tests
Management & Treatment

There is no single test for IBS. Diagnosis relies on symptom patterns (Rome criteria), a physical exam, and limited testing to exclude other disorders based on age and warning signs.

Detailed history of symptoms, triggers, and stress
Screening labs and tests based on age and risk factors (e.g., celiac testing, stool tests, colonoscopy when appropriate)
Attention to alarm features (blood in stool, weight loss, fever, nighttime symptoms, family history of colon cancer or IBD)
Diagnosis using established IBS criteria once other causes are reasonably excluded

Management is individualized and may include diet changes (such as low-FODMAP), stress reduction, medications targeting pain or bowel habits, and sometimes behavioral therapies.

Dietary strategies (fiber adjustment, low-FODMAP diet, identifying personal triggers)
Medications for diarrhea, constipation, or pain as needed
Stress management, exercise, and good sleep habits
Psychological/behavioral therapies (e.g., gut-directed CBT, mindfulness) in select patients
Regular follow-up to adjust the plan and reassess for new alarm features
This information is for general educational purposes only and is not a diagnosis or personalized medical advice. It does not replace a visit with your own healthcare provider. Always follow the specific recommendations given by your medical team. If you have urgent or worsening symptoms, contact your provider or seek emergency care right away.

At-a-glance

Abdominal painBloating / gasDiarrhea

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Information on this website is for education only and not a substitute for medical advice.

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