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If you’re experiencing severe abdominal pain, fever, or heavy bleeding, call 911.

Lactose Intolerance

Lactose Intolerance Explained

Lactose intolerance results from low levels of lactase, the enzyme needed to break down lactose in the small intestine. Undigested lactose is fermented by bacteria in the colon, producing gas and fluid shifts that cause symptoms. Many adults develop some degree of lactose intolerance over time; severity varies and some people tolerate small amounts of dairy or certain products better than others.

Symptoms

Symptoms typically appear within hours of eating or drinking dairy and may include bloating, gas, cramping, and loose stools.

Symptoms include:
Bloating and abdominal distension after dairy
Gas and cramping
Loose stools or diarrhea
Rumbling or gurgling noises in the abdomen
Symptoms improve when lactose-containing foods are reduced or avoided

When to call

Call the office if you have ongoing diarrhea, weight loss, or abdominal pain despite avoiding lactose, or if you are unsure whether symptoms are due to lactose intolerance or another condition.

Seek emergency care for severe abdominal pain, significant dehydration, or blood in the stool; these are not typical for simple lactose intolerance and may signal another problem.

Evaluation & Tests
Management & Treatment

Evaluation often starts with a trial of reduced lactose intake. When needed, a hydrogen breath test or other tests can confirm lactose malabsorption and rule out other conditions.

Symptom history in relation to dairy intake
Trial of lactose restriction and monitoring for improvement
Hydrogen breath test or similar test when diagnosis is uncertain
Consider testing for other conditions (IBS, celiac disease, IBD) if symptoms persist despite lactose restriction

Management focuses on identifying personal tolerance levels, adjusting the diet, using lactose-free products or enzyme supplements, and ensuring adequate calcium and vitamin D intake.

Limiting or spreading out lactose-containing foods
Choosing lactose-free dairy or plant-based alternatives
Using lactase enzyme tablets or drops when appropriate
Ensuring adequate calcium and vitamin D via diet or supplements
Working with a dietitian if dietary restrictions are extensive
This information is for general educational purposes only and is not a diagnosis or personalized medical advice. It does not replace a visit with your own healthcare provider. Always follow the specific recommendations given by your medical team. If you have urgent or worsening symptoms, contact your provider or seek emergency care right away.

At-a-glance

Abdominal painBloating / gasDiarrhea

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Information on this website is for education only and not a substitute for medical advice.

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