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Ascites

Ascites Explained

In cirrhosis, scarring of the liver disrupts blood flow and increases pressure in the portal vein, leading to fluid leaking into the abdominal cavity. Ascites can cause abdominal swelling, discomfort, and shortness of breath, and it is a major sign that liver disease has become more advanced or “decompensated.” Ascites can also occur from other conditions, but cirrhosis is the most common cause.

Síntomas

Patients notice increasing abdominal girth, weight gain from fluid, and sometimes ankle swelling or shortness of breath as the fluid pushes up on the lungs.

Los síntomas incluyen:
Abdominal swelling or fullness
Rapid increase in waist size or weight
Shortness of breath, especially when lying flat
Early fullness when eating
Swelling in the legs or ankles

Cuándo llamar

Call the office if you have known liver disease and notice new or worsening abdominal distension, leg swelling, shortness of breath, or sudden weight gain, or if you already have ascites and develop fever or abdominal pain.

Seek emergency care for severe shortness of breath, sudden severe abdominal pain, confusion, very low urine output, or high fever—these can be signs of serious complications such as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis or kidney failure.

Evaluación y pruebas
Manejo y tratamiento

Evaluation includes physical exam, imaging (often ultrasound), lab tests, and usually a procedure called paracentesis to sample the fluid for analysis and to rule out infection.

Physical exam to assess fluid and any signs of liver or heart disease
Ultrasound of the abdomen to confirm ascites and evaluate the liver
Diagnostic paracentesis: removing a small amount of fluid with a needle to test for infection and other causes
Blood tests for liver, kidney function, and electrolytes
Ongoing assessment for complications and need for transplant evaluation

Management combines treating the underlying liver disease, adjusting diet, using diuretics (water pills), and removing fluid when needed. In advanced cases, more specialized procedures or liver transplant evaluation may be appropriate.

Low-sodium diet to help limit fluid buildup
Diuretics such as spironolactone (and sometimes furosemide) with careful monitoring
Periodic large-volume paracentesis for significant or refractory ascites
Avoiding NSAIDs and certain blood pressure medicines that can worsen kidney function
Transplant evaluation for patients with recurrent or refractory ascites
Esta información tiene únicamente fines educativos generales y no constituye un diagnóstico ni un consejo médico personalizado. No sustituye la consulta con su propio profesional sanitario. Siga siempre las recomendaciones específicas que le haya dado su equipo médico. Si presenta síntomas urgentes o que empeoran, póngase en contacto con su profesional sanitario o acuda inmediatamente a urgencias.

De un vistazo

Abdominal painBloating / gas

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