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Enfermedad de Crohn

Crohn's Disease Explained

Crohn’s disease often involves the end of the small intestine and the colon but can affect anywhere from mouth to anus. Inflammation extends through the full thickness of the bowel wall and can lead to strictures, fistulas, and abscesses. Symptoms typically wax and wane over time, and long-term management aims for symptom control and healing of inflammation.

Síntomas

Common features include abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, fatigue, and sometimes perianal disease; extra-intestinal manifestations (joints, skin, eyes) can also occur.

Los síntomas incluyen:
Chronic or recurrent abdominal pain, often crampy
Diarrhea (sometimes with blood)
Weight loss and fatigue
Fever in flares
Perianal pain, fistulas, or abscesses in some patients

Cuándo llamar

Call the office if you have known Crohn’s disease with worsening symptoms, weight loss, fevers, or new pain, or if you suspect Crohn’s disease due to chronic GI symptoms and family history.

Seek emergency care for severe abdominal pain, high fever, signs of bowel obstruction, severe rectal bleeding, or suspected abscess (pain, fever, chills).

Evaluación y pruebas
Manejo y tratamiento

Evaluation uses a combination of blood tests, stool tests, colonoscopy with biopsies, and imaging of the small intestine to define disease location and severity.

History focusing on duration, weight loss, family history, and extra-intestinal symptoms
Lab tests for anemia, inflammation, and nutritional deficiencies
Stool tests for infection and inflammatory markers
Colonoscopy and sometimes upper endoscopy with biopsies
Cross-sectional imaging (MR enterography, CT) to evaluate small bowel and complications

Treatment aims to induce and maintain remission, heal mucosa, and prevent complications. Therapies may include steroids for flares, immunomodulators, biologics, and targeted small-molecule drugs, with close monitoring of disease activity.

Medication plans tailored to disease location and severity
Monitoring of biomarkers and imaging, not just symptoms, to guide therapy
Nutritional optimization and smoking cessation
Surgery for strictures, fistulas, or disease not controlled by medications
Long-term colon cancer surveillance for colonic involvement
Esta información tiene únicamente fines educativos generales y no constituye un diagnóstico ni un consejo médico personalizado. No sustituye la consulta con su propio profesional sanitario. Siga siempre las recomendaciones específicas que le haya dado su equipo médico. Si presenta síntomas urgentes o que empeoran, póngase en contacto con su profesional sanitario o acuda inmediatamente a urgencias.

De un vistazo

Dolor abdominalDiarreaSangrado rectalPérdida de peso / anemia

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