Constipation is usually defined as fewer than three bowel movements per week and/or stools that are hard, dry, or difficult to pass. It can be caused by low fiber intake, dehydration, inactivity, medications, changes in routine, or underlying medical conditions. In most people it is functional (no structural blockage), but persistent or new-onset constipation can sometimes signal a more serious problem that needs evaluation.
Symptoms range from mild difficulty passing stool to significant straining, bloating, and discomfort that can interfere with daily activities.
Call the office if constipation lasts more than a few weeks, is new or worsening, does not improve with over-the-counter measures, or is associated with abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, or unintended weight loss.
Seek emergency care if you have severe abdominal pain, vomiting, inability to pass gas or stool, large amounts of rectal bleeding, or feel faint or very unwell. These can be signs of obstruction or other serious conditions.
Evaluation focuses on symptom pattern, diet, activity, medications, and red-flag signs. Many patients improve with lifestyle changes, but persistent, severe, or complicated constipation may need lab work, imaging, or colonoscopy to rule out other causes.
Most people benefit from lifestyle changes (fiber, fluids, activity) and sometimes stool softeners or laxatives. Some may need prescription medications or pelvic floor therapy if standard measures are not enough.
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