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Constipation Explained

Constipation is usually defined as fewer than three bowel movements per week and/or stools that are hard, dry, or difficult to pass. It can be caused by low fiber intake, dehydration, inactivity, medications, changes in routine, or underlying medical conditions. In most people it is functional (no structural blockage), but persistent or new-onset constipation can sometimes signal a more serious problem that needs evaluation.

Síntomas

Symptoms range from mild difficulty passing stool to significant straining, bloating, and discomfort that can interfere with daily activities.

Los síntomas incluyen:
Fewer than three bowel movements per week
Hard, lumpy, or dry stools
Straining with bowel movements
Feeling of incomplete emptying
Bloating, abdominal discomfort, or cramping

Cuándo llamar

Call the office if constipation lasts more than a few weeks, is new or worsening, does not improve with over-the-counter measures, or is associated with abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, or unintended weight loss.

Seek emergency care if you have severe abdominal pain, vomiting, inability to pass gas or stool, large amounts of rectal bleeding, or feel faint or very unwell. These can be signs of obstruction or other serious conditions.

Evaluación y pruebas
Manejo y tratamiento

Evaluation focuses on symptom pattern, diet, activity, medications, and red-flag signs. Many patients improve with lifestyle changes, but persistent, severe, or complicated constipation may need lab work, imaging, or colonoscopy to rule out other causes.

Review of bowel habits, diet, fluid intake, activity level, and medication list
Physical exam, including sometimes a rectal exam
Screening for alarm features (bleeding, weight loss, anemia, new-onset constipation in older adults)
Lab tests as indicated (e.g., thyroid, electrolytes)
Colonoscopy or imaging if red flags or age-appropriate screening is due

Most people benefit from lifestyle changes (fiber, fluids, activity) and sometimes stool softeners or laxatives. Some may need prescription medications or pelvic floor therapy if standard measures are not enough.

Increase fiber gradually and drink adequate fluids
Regular physical activity and not ignoring the urge to go
Use of over-the-counter stool softeners or laxatives as directed
Prescription medicines or specialized therapies in chronic, refractory cases
Address underlying conditions (diabetes, thyroid disease, neurologic conditions) where present
Esta información tiene únicamente fines educativos generales y no constituye un diagnóstico ni un consejo médico personalizado. No sustituye la consulta con su propio profesional sanitario. Siga siempre las recomendaciones específicas que le haya dado su equipo médico. Si presenta síntomas urgentes o que empeoran, póngase en contacto con su profesional sanitario o acuda inmediatamente a urgencias.

De un vistazo

Abdominal painBloating / gas

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