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Gastritis

Gastritis Explained

Gastritis describes inflammation of the stomach’s inner lining (mucosa). It can develop suddenly (acute) due to infections, alcohol, medications such as NSAIDs, or severe stress, or it can be chronic due to H. pylori infection, autoimmune conditions, or ongoing irritant exposure.

Mild gastritis may cause few symptoms, but more severe or long-lasting inflammation can lead to pain, indigestion, nausea, and occasionally ulcers, bleeding, or increased cancer risk, depending on the cause and duration.

Síntomas

Symptoms range from vague indigestion to clear upper abdominal pain, nausea, or bloating. Many people with mild gastritis may have no noticeable symptoms until inflammation worsens or complications occur.

Los síntomas incluyen:
Dull or burning pain in the upper middle abdomen
Indigestion, nausea, or vomiting
Bloating or a feeling of fullness after eating
Loss of appetite
In more severe cases, black or bloody stools or vomiting blood

Cuándo llamar

Call the office if you have ongoing upper abdominal discomfort, nausea, indigestion, or early fullness lasting more than a few days, especially with regular NSAID use or a history of ulcers. Also call if symptoms recur after stopping treatment.

Seek emergency care if you vomit blood, see black or tarry stools, have sudden severe abdominal pain, feel faint, or notice signs of shock (pale, clammy skin, rapid heartbeat). These may indicate significant bleeding or perforation.

Evaluación y pruebas
Manejo y tratamiento

Evaluation includes a careful history, review of medications and alcohol use, and sometimes testing for H. pylori. Upper endoscopy may be recommended to directly view the stomach lining, rule out ulcers, and obtain biopsies.

Assessment of symptoms, timing, and association with meals, NSAIDs, alcohol, or stress
Testing for H. pylori when appropriate
Blood work if anemia or bleeding is suspected
Upper endoscopy for persistent symptoms, alarm features, or to exclude ulcers and malignancy
Biopsies to evaluate for H. pylori, autoimmune gastritis, or other specific types

Treatment depends on the cause and may include stopping irritant medications, treating H. pylori, reducing stomach acid, and adjusting lifestyle factors. Many cases improve once the underlying cause is addressed.

Discontinuing or reducing NSAIDs and other offending medications when medically safe
Eradication of H. pylori when present
Acid-reducing medications (PPIs or H2 blockers) to relieve symptoms and promote healing
Limiting alcohol and tobacco, and adjusting diet to minimize irritation
Ongoing follow-up for chronic or autoimmune gastritis, including monitoring for deficiencies and complications
Esta información tiene únicamente fines educativos generales y no constituye un diagnóstico ni un consejo médico personalizado. No sustituye la consulta con su propio profesional sanitario. Siga siempre las recomendaciones específicas que le haya dado su equipo médico. Si presenta síntomas urgentes o que empeoran, póngase en contacto con su profesional sanitario o acuda inmediatamente a urgencias.

De un vistazo

Abdominal painHeartburnNausea / vomitingWeight loss / anemia

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