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Colitis

Colitis Explained

Ulcerative colitis is a form of inflammatory bowel disease in which the immune system attacks the colon lining, causing continuous inflammation starting in the rectum and extending upward. It can lead to diarrhea, rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, and urgency, with periods of flares and remission. Other types of colitis include infectious, ischemic, microscopic, and medication-related forms.

Síntomas

Symptoms often include diarrhea, urgency, blood or mucus in stool, and abdominal cramping, with severity ranging from mild to severe.

Los síntomas incluyen:
Diarrhea, often with blood or mucus
Urgency and increased stool frequency
Abdominal pain or cramping
Fatigue and weight loss
In severe cases, fever, anemia, or dehydration

Cuándo llamar

Call the office if you have persistent diarrhea, rectal bleeding, urgency, or abdominal pain, especially with known colitis or a family history of IBD. Report flares early so treatment can be adjusted.

Seek emergency care for severe abdominal pain, high fever, profuse bleeding, signs of dehydration, or a sudden worsening of symptoms, as severe colitis can lead to serious complications.

Evaluación y pruebas
Manejo y tratamiento

Evaluation includes blood and stool tests and almost always colonoscopy with biopsies to confirm inflammation pattern, exclude infection, and distinguish ulcerative colitis from other types of colitis.

History of symptom duration, bleeding, and extra-intestinal symptoms (joint pain, skin issues)
Blood tests for anemia, inflammation, and other markers
Stool tests to rule out infections and check for inflammation markers
Colonoscopy with biopsies to define extent and severity
Imaging in severe or complicated cases

Treatment aims to control inflammation, relieve symptoms, and prevent complications. It may include aminosalicylates, steroids, immunomodulators, biologic therapies, and, in some cases, surgery.

Medications tailored to disease severity and location (rectum-only vs extensive)
Use of rectal therapies (suppositories, enemas) for distal disease
Monitoring labs and colonoscopy for response and cancer surveillance
Nutrition support and attention to bone health and mental health
Surgical consultation for severe, refractory, or dysplasia/cancer cases
Esta información tiene únicamente fines educativos generales y no constituye un diagnóstico ni un consejo médico personalizado. No sustituye la consulta con su propio profesional sanitario. Siga siempre las recomendaciones específicas que le haya dado su equipo médico. Si presenta síntomas urgentes o que empeoran, póngase en contacto con su profesional sanitario o acuda inmediatamente a urgencias.

De un vistazo

Dolor abdominalDiarreaSangrado rectalPérdida de peso / anemia

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